Sleeping illness, also known as African trypanosomiasis or just trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease that is caused by the trypanosoma parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of the tsetse fly. The disease is found in sub-Saharan Africa and is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pain, and itching.

As the disease progresses, it can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion, difficulty sleeping, and eventually leading to coma and death.